The Great Wall of China and The Petronas Towers Essay Example

The Great Wall of China and The Petronas Towers Paper As Asia in the recent past has opened itself up economically to the world through trade and business, so too has it opened up to tourism and the benefits that come with this new and ever-changing industry. More specifically, the variety of visitor attractions on offer around the world has developed significantly in the past twenty years (Stevens, 2000), especially in Asia, and is influenced by a variety of factors. This essay will examine two distinctly different yet similar visitor attractions in China and Malaysia, namely the Great Wall of China and the Petronas Towers, and appropriately analyse issues such as product development, market segmentation, transportation, and the overall business environment. By comparing and contrasting these attractions, it can be seen that they overlap continuously to give a dynamic representation of the visitor attraction market as a whole. Before delving into the history of these attractions, the term visitor attraction as it relates to the management and organisation of attractions in general must be defined. A complete definition, given by the English Tourism Council, states that A permanently established excursion destination, a primary purpose of which is to allow public access for entertainment, interest or education; rather than being principally a retail outlet or venue for sporting, theatrical or film performances. It must be open to the public without prior booking, for published periods each year, and should be capable of attracting tourists or day visitors as well as local residents. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Wall of China and The Petronas Towers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Wall of China and The Petronas Towers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Wall of China and The Petronas Towers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, the attraction must be a single business, under a single management nd must be receiving revenue directly from visitors. (English Tourism Council, 2000b:24) This is relevant for both destinations, with the Great Wall allowing public access for education, open without prior booking, attracting all different visitors as well as local residents, and is receiving revenue from these tourists and The Petronas Towers, which is open without prior booking, attracting international visitors as well as locals especially for shopping interests, and is owned under a single management. Defining these two attractions in depth, it is found that both attractions fall under the category of Human made buildings, structures and sites that were designed for a purpose other than attracting visitors. (Swarbrooke, 2001:5) As well, since both attractions are owned by the public sector, their main priorities are conservation, education, public access, and increased leisure opportunities for the community. (Swarbrooke, 2001:10) In order to fully understand these two visitor attractions, it is imperative to go back to their beginnings and uncover the rich historical development that each attraction possesses. The Great Wall is by far the most famous fortification in the world, stretching more than 8,850 kilometres across China. (BBC, 2009) Its early origins can be seen from the 5th century through to 1644 when Beijing was taken by the Mongols from the North at the Shanhaiguan entrance of the Great Wall. Turnbull, 2007:6) Most of the ancient walls have eroded since then, and the Great Wall that most tourists witness today is that from the Ming Dynasty. It should be noted that the costs of the wall were great, with a possible one million people losing their lives building the wall throughout history, it has been given the title of the longest cemetery on earth. (Noll, 2010) Tourism can be said to have been developed from the 17th-20th century along with The Great Walls fame and popularity, reaching attraction status in 1957 with the opening of Badaling. Visit CHN, 2009) Restoration and rebuilding took place throughout the 20th century for tourism development and benefits, and in 1987 was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2010) With the opening up of trade with the West and its induction into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, China has developed adequate tourism facilities and attractions centred on the Great Wall for the new, large influx of visitors including museums, restaurants, hotels, chair lifts, and souvenir stalls to name a few. (Pillai, 2010) Contrasting the extensive historical development of The Great Wall going back centuries, The Petronas Twin Towers are a relatively new attraction. The Petronas gas and oil company began in 1974, and is still today owned by the Malaysian government. As of 2009, Petronas has risen to 80th largest company in the world according to Fortune 500 as well as being Asias most profitable company. (Fortune Magazine, 2009) In 1990, a competition was held to find the best architect and design group to develop a world renowned symbol for Malaysia. Pelli Crosby, 2005:7) Developing on the 100 acre site that formerly belonged to the Selangor Turf Club, the winning architects Cesar Pelli and Djay Cerico under the direction of Julius Gold, began work in 1991 on what was to be the Petronas Towers. (Pelli Crosby, 2005:8) After 7 years, $1. 6 billion dollars, 10,000 workers, and eight million square feet of shopping and entertainment facilities later, the Petronas Towers were complete. From 1998-2004, t he Petronas Towers held the position as tallest building in the world, which ended when it was surpassed by Taipei 101. The Skybridge, which is the main tourist attraction, is the highest two story bridge in the world, and only 1700 tickets are given out per day. (Petronas Twin Towers, 2010) As the historical context has been put into place, it is now relevant to examine the provisions at both visitor attractions to gain better insight into their respective operations. The Great Wall of China operates at several different sites along the Wall, although for a detailed analysis, focus will be placed on the site of Badaling which is the most popular entry since it is the nearest to Beijing. The entry to the Badaling section of the Great Wall is located 200 meters to the North of the pass, where there is a Tourism Information Centre with an information desk offering guide maps, routes, and services all in one spot. (badaling. gov. cn, 2009) As well, the increasing need to generate alternative revenue streams has led to an expansion of the core activities in many new and existing attractions, with very few now opening without some element of retail or catering. (Fyall, Garrod, Leask, Wanhill, 2008:5) This can be seen through the entry, where the tourist will find souvenir shops, handicraft artists, and paintings, some of which are prize winning works by the Beijing Tourist Commodity Design Competition. (badaling. gov. cn, 2009) South of the pass, is the Badaling Hotel and International Dining Room that was built in 1986 by the Beijing Municipal Government and has received since then, more than 100 foreign heads of states, including U. S. presidents and the Queen, as well as nearly two million tourists. badaling. gov. cn, 2009) Some of the more recent provisions have been controversial, in that they may be changing the feel of the Great Wall from a heritage and cultural site, to a theme park style attraction. These provisions include bear pits, where tourists can feed the local sun bears, as well as the Biconvex Pulley which lifts tourists to the fourth tower (of eight) for a round trip price of 60 yuan. (Travel China Guide, 2010) At other sites, such as Mutianyu, toboggan rides down are a popular new attraction. This could be due to current trends indicating an increasing need for attractions to appeal to broader audiences and to generate ever greater levels of external income, resulting in an increased mix of product offering and choice for the visitor. (Fyall, Garrod, Leask, Wanhill, 2008:7) There are also cultural offerings on display, including the Circle Cinema and the China Great Wall Museum. The Circle Cinema is the largest 360 degree circle cinema in the country. (badaling. gov. cn, 2009) The Great Wall movie is presented on the seamless screen using the latest technology and 10 projectors. Next door is the China Great Wall Museum, which looks at the Great Wall in its entirety from its history, military achievements, architecture, culture, and art. Its main purpose is for education, with interim exhibitions and academic seminars. (badaling. gov. cn, 2009) Comparing the Great Wall attractions to the Petronas Towers, it can be seen that the latter is more focused on commercialism than history and therefore offers a different array of provisions for tourists and locals alike. Until recently, the main attraction was the Skybridge at the Petronas Towers which connects the two buildings on the 41st floor. A total of 1700 tickets were given out for free at 9:00am every morning and groups of 15 are taken up to the bridge. Afterwards, the visitor could then go shopping in the adjoined Suria Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC) Shopping Complex. However, recently, many new changes have taken place to expand the attractions offered. (Petronas Twin Towers, 2010) Visit packages are now be offered that not only include a visit to the famous Skybridge, but also a visit to an observation deck on a top floor of Tower 2 and a meal at the Malaysian Petroleum Club (MPC) within Tower 2 of the building. (Petronas Twin Towers, 2010) These packages will be priced from as low as RM3 for the Skybridge only up to RM350. Sometimes destinations only develop because of one specific visitor attraction, which is the case of the Petronas Twin Towers. Thus it is said, The marketing of these destinations tends to focus on these attractions so that they are often the symbol of the destination in the minds of tourists. (Swarbrooke, 2001:22) At the Suria KLCC, there are a range of luxury shops including Marks and Spencer, Louis Vuitton, and Tiffany and Co. s well as restaurants, a cinema, the Philharmonic Orchestra and Concert Hall, an art gallery, and a Science Discovery Centre. (Suria KLCC, 2010) The shopping and attractions bring economic benefits to Kuala Lumpur, and broaden the appeal of the Petronas Towers within the destination as it is designed with a seamless flow and user-friendly experience. This is significant, since visitors want attractions which are easy to use and where as little of their precious leisure time as possible is wasted on mundane tasks such as queuing. (Swarbrooke, 2001: 166) Before focusing on the market potential for the Great Wall, it is important to understand its catchment area. World famous attractions such as the Great Wall have a large, international catchment area with visitors from all over the world coming to the attraction. Identifying the catchment area is crucial because its population size determines likely visitor numbers and because it helps marketers to decide where to place advertisements for the attraction. (Swarbrooke, 2001:77) As well, the importance of catchment areas is pertinent as unlike commodities, the product offer has to be consumed at the place of production. (Fyall, Garrod, Leask, Wanhill 2008:349) However, while the international market is important, it is crucial to understand that domestic market potential is far greater than the international inbound market. This is due to the introduction of Golden Weeks, an improving economy, and a rise in the middle class- mainly higher income urbanites. (Mintel, 2010) To demonstrate this increase, the tourism sector has risen by 9% in revenue in 2009, and is looking to achieve an increase of 14% in 2010. (International Herald Tribune, 2010) Although leisure travel is a fairly new concept to the Chinese, as the economy grew in the 1990s, domestic trips grew 54% from 1996-2006. (IHT, 2010) The year 1999 saw the introduction of the Golden Weeks holidays aimed to increase domestic tourism. These weeks included the Lunar New Year (January-February), the National Holiday (October), and the government is looking to reinstate Labour Day Holiday (May). (Mintel, 2010)

The Problem of Consumer Conflict in Business

The Problem of Consumer Conflict in Business Introduction Consumer behaviour involves analysis of the reasons why people decide to buy or not to buy a product. This involves  the analysis  of consumers’ psychology, economics, sociology, and the social anthropology.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Problem of Consumer Conflict in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumer behaviour is aimed at coming up with a clear understanding of consumers buying decision making process, either an individual or as a group. In the analysis of consumer behaviour, characteristics of consumers, such as demographics and other behavioural variables,  are analysed  critically to understand consumers wants and needs (Solomon, 2011). Indeed, it is not possible to predict consumers’ behaviour and clearly  outline  their needs and wants. In most cases, people do not  differentiate  Ã‚  them. As a result, most of the times, attempts  are ma de  to  distinguish  needs and wants. Needs refer to basics that make up ones survival kit; on the other hand, wants refer to desires that may not be  basic  in life such as cars, fashion clothes, and electronics among others. Consumer needs are  basic  in nature, and one cannot survive without them; they include food, clothing, and shelter. On the other hand, consumer wants are desires and  luxurious  in  nature; therefore, one is capable of surviving without them except that they  are needed  to improve the living conditions. Discussion The  conflict  that  typical  consumers experience when deciding between what they  need  and what they want In most cases, consumers  experience  challenges when deciding on whether to  settle  a  need  or a  want. In addition, sometimes,  consumers are not able to  differentiate  between a need and a  want,  thus  they face difficulties in decision making. However, it is essential that consumers learn to manage their decisions appropriately. This is important because consumers should be able to make a  reasonable  decision  among several alternatives subject to a wide range of matters. There are several styles used in  decision  making,   just as there are several issues that  need  clear decisions. While making a decision, it is all about uncertainty and risk, since consumers have varying levels of risk aversion. In addition, making decisions involves either quantitative or qualitative  analysis  (Solomon, 2010). As a result, consumers can make a decision using any of these decision making styles. The wide range of decision making styles  pose  conflicts when consumers try to choose between what they want and what they  need.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main  conflict  arises when a  consumer  is t rying to make a  rational  judgement. Some of the issues that bring the  conflict  while consumers are trying to make decisions include consumers’ personality, peer pressure, social surrounding, social statures, and prices charges among others. Based on the consumer personality, most of the times consumers try to buy products that may not be in line with their status. When a  consumer  buys a product that is above his or her  status, and then it is clear that it  is based  on wants and not needs. In most cases, consumers buy products or services that  go  in line with their status. In such a case,  possibly  the  consumer  obtains it based on a  want  and not on a  need. There are several factors that have a significant impact on consumer choice regarding a  want  and a  need  (Hoyer Macinnis, 2009). For  instance; How often have consumers seen the advert of the product in question? How much of a  brand  have often been sold over the past few years? Has the  product  or  brand  in question been bought by a wide range of customers of varying social classes? What are the impacts of buying a  brand  that is expensive compared with your social life? From the research, it is clear that most consumers or individuals want to improve their living conditions, their family conditions, community condition, and nation  condition. It is worth nothing that consumers’ wants are  infinite. This is true to the wealthy as it is to the poor. On the other hand, needs can easily be defined but vary depending on an  individuals age, health, and physical environment among others. Some of the issues are considered to be wants among the  poor  communities and may be  needs  in the rich community. In real life, it is  impossible  to  define  strategies for meeting all   consumer  needs. As a result, measures  have been  set  to  define  the  minimum  well being  leve l  of consumers so that it can be easy to state that an individual is   poor  or rich. These are the main issue that cause conflicts when consumers are trying to  define  a product or service as a want or a  need. At times, consumers  visit  the market to buy something they  regard  as a need, but in the minds of other consumers, it is a  want. Therefore, it is conflicting to decide  and  buy  a product based on the decision made (Wright, 2006). For instance, how a decision could be made when faced marketing focused on something one may  want  but does not need.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Problem of Consumer Conflict in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a situation where a  consumer  experiences conflicting interests regarding a  need  and a  want,  relevant  strategies will have to be incorporated. When trying to come up with a decision regardin g an issue that one wants, but does not  need, one must  determine  whether he wants it or needs it. In addition, one has to  analyse  the  status  regarding the  want. This is important because, failure to analyze the  situation  may make one  risk  missing a wide range of existing alternatives. Regarding the  want  in question, consumers should be able to ask relevant questions based on aspirations, interests, goals, objectives, and fears. This will help them consider possible consequences of their actions. For instance, according to the rich, a refrigerator is a need, but for the poor, it is a  want. As a result, it can pose a problem on some situations when an  individual  with a  poor  background  is deciding on whether to buy it or not. Indeed, he or she can analyze the advantages associated with a refrigerator. The advantages associated with it can  provoke  a consumer to  buy  it without considering whether it is a need, or oth erwise. Therefore, it is essential that such people analyze the source of income or money to  pay  and  acquire  it. Once the relevant  analysis  is  over, then it will be easy to  decide  if it is a  want  or a  need,  thus  deciding to buy or not. At times, consumers  make  quick  decisions based on intuition or gut feeling (Paul Lantos, 2010). They can make a decision based on an uncertainty or  condition  without gathering all the necessary information. However, some consumers are cautions in their decisions and try  mostly  to avoid intuitive approaches. For instance, sometimes consumer may want to  acquire  some products, but does not have money, he or she can  decide  to  obtain  a loan from a credit lending  organization. Indeed, the idea of obtaining a credit or  loan  is  noble, but it is necessary to put into consideration several factors. These factors include the payback period for credit, whether the product is a  need, and ability to repay the credit. Clearly analysing these factors, the  consumer  will automatically  decide  whether to  take  a loan or not.  Some of the steps used to determine whether one  wants  something, but does not  need  it  include: Working out the right decision problem through careful or  proper  problem  statement  without using assumptions and prejudices that are  option  limiting. For instance, when deciding on whether a refrigerator is what one wants and not what he needs.  Thus,  one has to analyze the prevailing circumstances that make him or her  want  a refrigerator. The  customer  should clearly define or specify objectives regarding a  want. For instance, one can  regard  a car as something he or she wants because of the many demands that make one want a car. Customers should understand the consequences of their decisions so that they will not be surprised by their move. For instance, one can   view  a car as what he or she wants based on the demands at that moment. In such a case,  appropriate  decision  should be made to avoid regrets later. The customer should consider when deciding to buy a car that he will  later  fuel  it, pay for its loan, if any, and  attend  a driving school if necessary. This will  mean  an increase in expenses; therefore, all these issues should be put into consideration. How a person’s values  links  to consumer behaviour Person’s values are capable of describing an  individual’s  disposition  based on explanations of the surrounding. Some of the person’s values include openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness. According to market research, the relationship between consumer behaviour and  person’s values is not clear, but researchers are still working on it.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, according to a research recently conducted, results showed that people who are  open  are in a better  position  to respond to adverts placed (Mooij, 2010). Such individuals are exposed to adverts from time to time, and can respond to them by buying products or going for an alternative. As a result, it is worth nothing that consumer behaviour has a close relationship with a person’s values. Alongside the fact that person’s values might be  useful  to the marketers, they should be able to explain the reason as to why a  consumer  decides to  make a purchase. For instance, some consumers decide to buy based on their  feelings  regarding a product, while others  decide  based on their economic status. All this issues are  crucial  to customer, since he can  develop  necessary  strategies in marketing that enable it to attract a  wide  market. Moreover, knowing the different elements that make the consumers purchase enables marketers to come up with appropriate marketing strategies. At some point in time, complexity of issues has made it difficult to explain the relationship between consumer behaviour and  person’s values. Some of the complex issues that have made it difficult to explain the relationship include the dynamic nature of consumers. Most consumers are  dynamic  and their  purchase  behavior changes from time to time. This can affect marketers’ strategies negatively, hence there is a need for frequent modification. As a result, effective marketing will make it possible  to  easy  define  the relationship between consumer behaviour and persons values. Conclusion In marketing, it is  essential  to understand the concept of consumer behaviour. This will  enable  a marketer to  define  marketing strategies to attract a market. In addition, understanding consumer behavior will  enable  the  consumer  to determine the variations between wants and needs. In most cases, consumers  experience  a difficulty in trying to  differentiate  between wants and needs. It is  essential  for consumers to  note  that needs are not wants. In addition, it is  essential  to understand that  consumer’s needs and wants are far much  different  from each other, based on, their definitions. While trying to understand the concept of consumer behavior, the aspect of  person’s value is  essential. This will  enable  a marketer to  understand  the likes and dislikes of a consumer. Moreover, it will  enable  the marketer to use these values in marketing of its products. As a result, it will be possible to attract a large market share. Finally, it is  vital  to note that  consumer  needs are basic, and an  individual  cannot do without them. On the other hand, wants are  luxurious  in nature and needed to improve the living condition. Therefore, in most cases, consumers  try   to address their needs before addressing wants as much as possible. References Hoyer, W.D. Macinnis, D.J. (2009). Consumer Behavior. New York: Cengage Learning. Mooij, M.K. (2010). Consumer Behavior and Culture: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising. London: Sage Publishers. Paul Lantos, G. (2010). Consumer Behavior in Action: Real-Life Applications for Marketing Managers. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Solomon, M.R. (2010).Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Solomon, M.R. (2011). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Wright, R. (2006). Consumer Behaviour. New York: Cengage Learning.

Business plan for a startup business Assignment

Business plan for a startup business - Assignment Example tomized computers and repair service in the next three years of operation by offering customers the latitude to customize the specification and performance of their computers at a low cost with an after sales support of highly competent technicians. Computer Savers is a computer assembly and repair business intended to cater to small business owners as well as home PC users. It is engage in the selling of computer parts and software and is also engaged in the customization, upgrade, repair, virus removal and hard disk data recovery of computers. The company intends to create a niche in the computer retail and service industry by providing customized computers as well as providing repair service at a significantly lower cost than competition. Computer Savers offers customized computers and repair service to its customers. To enable Computer Savers to offer customized computers to its customers, it will sell computer parts for ease, convenience and easy availability of the necessary hardware to assemble a computer. It will also sell licensed softwares to make the assembled computers usable after leaving the outlet. The repair service component of Computer Savers will complement the computer customization business by offering repair service after the computer’s warranty coverage has elapsed. It will work in synergy with the computer customization business as the skills needed in the repair component of the business can also be used in the assembly of computers. Computer Savers will make a niche in the computer retail and service industry by offering computer products and services that is significantly lower than the competition. It will cater to the specific segment of a market where end users prefer to customize the specification of their computers. Computer Savers will also offer an after sales support through its repair business component. Combining these elements of offering customized computers at a lower price with an after sales support will make

Tikka enterprise and saffronspices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tikka enterprise and saffronspices - Essay Example the population of Indians in Scotland is large, the deal between the Tikka enterprises and Saffron Spice’s was that Tikka will be taught on how to prepare Indian foods. The task given to the Scottish company is the causative element of the conflict. In this case, socialization and interaction between team members dictate that there must be a hierarchy among the group members. Also, there must exist a limited resource/ need that every group member is struggling to attain (Furnell, 17). The conflict can be solved easily if both parties, especially, the Saffron Spice’s enterprise moves to court and make agreements with Barbara in the presence of the justice system. Naresh will, therefore, have a filed document that can sue the counterpart enterprise if they do not adhere to the agreement and make the required payments. For Tikka enterprises, both Indians and Scottish can be prepared different meals so that they can keep authentic food preferred by each race. Hence, this will improve the business (Furnell 7). In conclusion, satisfaction is the key factor in every business. On the other hand, every company wants to make maximum profits out of the ready market. Therefore, both companies can decide to operate the business together such that Indians are employed to cook for their fellow

Psychology and Social Situations Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Social Situations Essay Providing incentive for individuals to establish a carpool system or take the bus instead will motivate them to resort to these resolutions although it has been unsuccessful. The government and other organizations that campaign against overdependence on private vehicles which contribute to heavy traffic should not expect that simply asking the people to share rides and take buses in order to lessen the number of vehicles on the road will work. People should be given incentives in adhering to the requests of concerned organizations, such as free fare or transportation allowances for the people. Organizations and establishments concentrated on a specific location should grant employees with free rides on shuttles that will take them to and from work everyday. This allows individuals to understand that sharing rides and taking the buses will save them the fare and lessen inconveniences caused by heavy traffic. 2. From this particular situation, we may deduce the disparity of knowledge and competencies displayed by children. Individual differences also cause differences on the rate of performance within the classroom, such that there are those that excel and those who fail depending on the cognitive faculties. Assignments are provided by teachers not only to reinforce learning and introduce the succeeding lesson, but also to give children the chance to catch up and experience success through home-based activities that allow them to learn at their own pace. Children who are identified to be the lowest-achieving in class think about their chance of pulling up their grades by spending more time on their assignments and excelling through them. This is the same reason why excellent performers do not spend more time on their homework, because they already have experienced success within the classroom setting. 3. Providing rewards is a good way of motivating children and reinforcing learning. There are various forms of rewards that teachers will be able to use including tangible rewards. Although concrete objects are considered as rewards, they should be given in moderation. Teachers should look for other forms of rewards such as praises and commendations, exemptions from school work or activities, and other types of non-tangible rewards. The danger of utilizing concrete objects as rewards is that children will not be able to learn the value of maintaining desirable learning behavior in class. Every action that they take will depend on the presence of a tangible reward at all times. In this case, desirable learning behaviors are not reinforced and sustained throughout the learning process, and children will only choose to perform well and exhibit good behavior when they see that there will be tangible rewards made available for them after doing so. To address this situation, academic institutions should consider setting standards and guidelines on how teachers should provide rewards, stressing the need to lessen the use of concrete objects but rather utilizing non-tangible rewards that create emphasis on inherent changes and display on desirable learning behavior and excellent learning performances. B. Psychological Disorders 1. The classification of abnormal behavior stems from the need to appropriately determine the medical and professional methods and strategies that will be implemented in order to address problems associated with the variety of abnormal behavior. The classification system of abnormal behavior, particularly the DSM-IV established by the American Psychiatric Association or APA, is utilized in order to provide a clear illustration or image of the kind or type of behavior exhibited by an individual. The DSM-IV utilizes five axes that are utilized to categorize behavior, solidifying them into a profile that provides information on the dimensions of particular behaviors. Utilizing classification systems, such as DSM-IV, although convenient also has flaws or disadvantages, intensifying the difficulty of assessing and classifying behavior. For instance, since the DSM-IV utilizes five axes in categorizing behavior, it becomes a limited means of understanding the dynamics of behavior. Classifying behavior into five categories does not really border on reliability and validity since behavior will not always meet all the criteria of each category. 2. When one is diagnosed with psychological or mental disorders, this means that there is something nonstandard and uncharacteristic about an individual’s way of thinking and behavior. Having a disorder mean that an individual’s life, particularly his functioning, is influenced by its effects building problems and difficulties along the way. The diagnosis will point to possible causes, whether the disorder is caused by biological factors, environmental factors, and such, which affects one’s ability to work efficiently, socialize with other people or become integrated into society under normal circumstances, etc. After being diagnosed with a psychological or mental disorder, it will also mean that an individual will need to seek professional help in order to determine the root of the problem and disorder and identify possible solutions in order to resolve them. 3. Perhaps it is better to be wrongly diagnosed as having a mental disorder even if one actually does not than the other way around because in the process, the individual will still be able to disprove the diagnosis while medical professionals will have enough time to discover the wrongfulness of their diagnosis. One will not lose anything by being misdiagnosed as psychologically or mentally incapacitated, perhaps just time and effort in proving the misdiagnosis of medical professionals. On the other hand, if one is wrongly diagnosed as not having a mental disorder, he will miss the chance of being provided with professional help and assistance as to how he will be able to conquer the problems brought about by his psychological or mental disorder. After being diagnosed without mental disorders even if in fact, one is psychologically or mentally changed, it will not be treated properly fuelling the possibility of one’s illness or disorder getting worse, while at the same time, intensifying the effects that it might bring towards one life. Missing out on the chance of being treated will neglect â€Å"damage control† allowing the illness or disorder to intensify possibly leading to a state wherein medical professionals will not be able to provide and recommend treatment appropriately.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Neurobiology of a Disorder or

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Neurobiology of a Disorder or a Difference? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a phrase that has moved out of the realm of pure science or psychology and into common parlance. Like depression, the public has a general and vague sense of the "type" of person who may have ADHD, and has heard the name Ritalin, the main drug used in treatment, bandied about. As the name of the disorder implies, its symptoms present generally as "inattention and a combination of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors" (2). ADHD has only recently been able to be tangibly identified in the nervous system, and its' diagnostic criteria has continued to be revised. The discovery of specific physiological differences in the brain has enabled scientists to correlate the behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD with specific differences, mutations, or malfunctions in the brain. Though the scientific burden of proof cannot be ignored, the way in which we choose to define these differences as a "disorder" is debatable. Given both the scientific understanding of the sheer size of the nervous system and the more poetic notion of individuality, the neurobiological differences associated with ADHD are difficult to adequately define within the unlimited permutations of human personalities. The current official American criteria for diagnosing the condition of ADHD, according to the DSM-IV, is based on a child presenting at least six symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or both, that have persisted for at least six months (3). Additionally, some symptoms must have been present before seven years of age, and some type of social, academic or occupational impairment must result from these symp... ...//www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 3) DSM-IV diagnostic criteria http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis1/p21-ch01.html 4) fabulous paper by Bonnie Craymond linking ADHD and the creative personality http://borntoexplore.org/adhd.htm 5) article from "The Medical Post" by Harvey McConnell http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5m-add2.html 6) great graphic http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 7) pharmacology information on Ritalin http://www.mentalhealth.com/drug/p30-r03.html 8) list of myths and corrections about ADHD http://www.add.org/content/abc/myths.htm 9) article from "Time" by Claudia Wallis http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p51-adhd.html 10)"Scientific American" article by Kristin Leutwyler http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p51-adhd.html 11) part of Barkley article diagramming a psychological model of ADHD http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm

Sex Trafficking

Comparative Review March 11, 2013 Thesis: Legalizing Prostitution will stop the spread of illicit Sex Trafficking. It seems like a normal day in her little village, until two shady men come and take her and all the young girls around the same age as her from their families. She is terrified and is scared of what may come next. The man repeatedly compliments her on her beauty and touches her silk soft skin. Crying only makes things worse and makes the man very angry. He hits them and calls them bad names as a punishment. Its been days since they took us, and has only given us little amounts of water to stay some what hydrated; and no food.This feeling is so surreal and this stuff actually does happen, beyond what people may think they know women and kids are being taken. In the article Enslaved in America by Tina Frundt it explains how typically Americans look the other way when they see prostitution but, neglect that these girls 50 percent of the time are forced into the Sex Traffick ing lifestyle. On the other hand Brenda Zurita’s article Legalization or harm reduction of prostitution and sexual trafficking writes about the government and the Sex trafficking laws says a different story.Sex Trafficking is illegal in the United States but why is there girls forced out of their homes and into this modern day slavery still occurring. In Bruce Kennedy’s Would legalizing prostitution help the US economy, it explains in simple terms how much one difference will create safer jobs and bring it much needed money to our economy. Which brings me to my next point; Prostitution should be legalized for those who want to retire in this way of life. It will have a positive effect on the economy bringing in billions in taxable income.In the increasing epidemic with Sex Trafficking; Tina Frundt, explains why this is truly a big issue worldwide. With this crime being unrecognized to a certain degree as it should in the shadows its really happening. The purpose of thi s article is to help understand the reasons â€Å"why. † Truthfully when I think of this topic I think of all the girls overseas who are being taken from their homes. As Frundt explains this is not only my opinion; most people have the same thoughts and are in the blind that this happens so close to home too. Not everything is said out to be the way it really is.All the bliss and publicity that the â€Å"pimps† is point blank ridiculous. â€Å"Young people use â€Å"pimp† in everyday conversation: â€Å"my ride is pimped out,† â€Å"your clothes are pimping. † They do not understand the reality behind the term. (Frundt)† This is a subliminal message about Sex Trafficking, the word is so powerful that it is misused and now taken for what it really is. Sex trafficking victims live in a cold, heartless, mistreated, and world full of violence. Raped and beat on the daily bases is only the least of these victims’ worries.Finding a way to e scape and lead a different life is the biggest and hardest goal to acquire. How are these victims found if they aren’t ever missed of even looked for? A promise for a better life, a good job and a new start is how many people end up in these types of situations. Having such a personal intake of Sex Trafficking, Frundt’s article is an essential piece that I find necessary to write about in my research. Unlike Frundt who shares a very particular share in Sex Trafficking, Brenda Zurita speaks from a point where anyone can understand more broadly.When the demand for prostituted people exceeds the available supply, women, children and sometimes men are trafficked in to meet the demand (Zurita). Children and women are usually the two that are easier to manipulate by letting them know what they want to hear. Often they are showered with gifts and affection that leave them wanting more. Than to keep an even tighter leash threatening comes to play, captors threaten their lives and the lives of their families. Which often leave victims to scared to leave to keep their families safe.The US government opposes prostitution for the reason that it is dehumanizing and harmful for people. Sex trafficking is what should be the center of focus. Trying to stop something that is known today, as â€Å"Modern Day Slavery† cannot just be stopped all together. In this case, and at the time former president George W. Bush stated that work in this field is not legitimate and should be not tolerated for humans of any sort. By legalizing we are creating a safer environment for those who chose this way of life.Traffickers often beat, humiliate, and torture their victims and can ultimately lead to murder. Pimps and traffickers, in order to make a profit, cater to their customer’s desires and supply prostituted people to fulfill their fantasies (Zurita). The legalization of Prostitution reduced the need for Sex Traffickers. Bruce Kennedy is all for the legalizatio n of prostitution, in my opinion it provides an economical relief. From the time that I can remember the US has been struggling with money. By legalizing this it brings in an outstanding 18 billion in taxable income from the sex industry.Although crime rates seem to stay the same, legalizing creates a better environment for those women who choose this life style. It brings better working conditions and makes it safer by not having pimps abuse their â€Å"hoes. † The challenge that seems to be faced is all the crime that would still happen. Technically pimps watch over their girls and make sure the guys they leave with are safe and will return the girls back accordingly. Without this it is expected that more kidnappings and murders are to be committed.A nights earning is expected to be around 500$ a night which attracts the criminal industry. The message and the information that I acquired from (Frundt), (Zurita, 2013) and (Kennedy, 2012) are essential to creating a strong res earch paper. They are all statistically inclined and include different examples of different situations that will help me outline my paper. Since Frundt’s article is the strongest of the three I plan on strategically planning out her experiences in a way that will coherently compare it to the others.Being a woman, myself I feel like I have a stronger connection with my topic because I could be categorized as well as other girls my age in the range how the Pimps choose their girls. I could not imagine myself in the position that hundreds of girls find themselves everyday. Spreading awareness on the topic is the way people are going to be more involved with the stop of Sex Trafficking. How is something going to be stopped if its only been advertised as a good thing, when in true reality it is the complete opposite. References Frundt, T. (n. d. ).Enslaved in America: Sex trafficking in the United States. WFN, Retrieved from http://www. womensfundingnetwork. org/resource/past-art icles/enslaved-in-america-sex-trafficking-in-the-united-states Kennedy, B. (2010). Would legalizing prostitution help the us economy?. Retrieved from http://money. msn. com/now/post. aspx? post=49c1f746-9b02-4ba4-a60f-67d3ccc1a6b5 Zurita, B. (2012). Legalization or harm reduction of prostitution and sexual trafficking. Retrieved from http://www. cwfa. org/articledisplay. asp? id=12632&department=BLI&categoryid=dotcommentary