Factional Distillation of Crude Oil

8. 2. 1 (iv) half carriage Distillation of ill-mannered Oil By Blake Turner yr 11 Fractional Distillation of raspy Oil Introduction bounderish crude embrocate is the term for un movemented anele, the stuff that comes push through of the ground. It is also known as petroleum. rasping oil is a fossil fuel, significance that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years ago almost places you can find crude oil were once sea beds. Crude oils take off in colour, from clear to tar-black, and in viscosity, from weewee to almost solid. On average, crude oils atomic number 18 made of the following elements or compounds * snow 84% Hydrogen 14% * atomic number 16 1 to 3% (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, elemental sulfur) * north less than 1% (basic compounds with amine groups) * oxygen less than 1% (found in entire compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenols, ketones, carboxyl acids) * Metals less than 1% (nick el, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic) * Salts less than 1% (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride) The Process Fractional Distillation The oldest and most common way to separate things into various components (called fractions), is to do it use the differences in boiling temperature.This process is called aliquot distillation. You basically heat crude oil up, let it drying upisationize and then concentrate the vapour The various components of crude oil welcome variant sizes, weights and boiling temperatures so, the prime(prenominal) step is to separate these components. Because they have different boiling temperatures, they can be dislocated easily by a process called fractional distillation. The steps of fractional distillation be as follows 1. You heat the concoction of two or more substances ( legatos) with different boiling points to a high temperature.Heating is ordinarily done with high pressure travel to temperatures of about 1112 degrees Fahre nheit / 600 degrees Celsius. 2. The mixture boils, mildewing vaporization (gases) most substances go into the vapor phase. 3. The vapor enters the bottom of a long mainstay (fractional distillation column) that is filled with trays or plates. The trays have many holes or bubble caps (like a loosened cap on a soda bottle) in them to allow the vapor to retrogress through. They increase the contact season between the vapor and the crystallines in the column and help to collect liquids that form at various heights in the column.There is a temperature difference across the column (hot at the bottom, cool at the top). 4. The vapor rises in the column. 5. As the vapor rises through the trays in the column, it cools. 6. When a substance in the vapour reaches a height where the temperature of the column is compare to that substances boiling point, it provide condense to form a liquid. (The substance with the lowest boiling point will condense at the highest point in the column subst ances with higher(prenominal) boiling points will condense lower in the column. ). 7.The trays collect the various liquid fractions. 8. The collected liquid fractions may pass to condensers, which cool them further, and then go to computer storage tanks, or they may go to separate areas for further chemical processing. Components of the Mixture Crude Oil Components All the . Product boil point ( degrees Celsius ) Petroleum gas 40 Naphtha or ligroin 60-100 triggermanoline 40 205 lamp oil 175-325 Gas oil 250-350 Lubricating oil 300-370 flagitious gas 370-600 Residues 600 Products of Separation Assessment brain Why is the mixture separated?What are the components utilize for? Why is Mixture illogical? 42393793 161b What are the Components Used For? Below is a list of separated components and what they are used for Petroleum gas Used for heating, homework and do plastics. Commonly known by the names methane, ethane, propane, butane. Naphtha or Ligroin Intermediate that will b e further processed to garner gasoline. Gasoline Motor fuel. liquid kerosine Fuel for jet engines and tractors outset cloth for making otherwise products. liquid Gas Oil or Diesel DistillateUsed for diesel engine fuel and heating oil starting real for making other products. liquid Lubricating Oil Used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants. liquid Heavy Gas or Fuel oil Used for industrial fuel starting material for making other products. liquid Residuals Coke, asphalt, tar, waxes starting material for making other products solid Wastes Bibliography http//science. howstuffworks. com/environmental/energy/oil-refining4. htm http//www. aip. com. au/industry/fact_refine. htm www. theoildrum. com/ boss/6089 en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Separation_process