The relationship between self-esteem, depression and anger

The relationship between conceit, depression and angerMany researchers ilk Kaplan, (1982) Rosenberg et al., (1989) Ross Broh, (2000) cited that, the level of self-esteem is widely recognized as a central aspect of psychological functioning and welfare and is strongly related to many opposite variables. White (2002) stated that If a problem is not biological in origin, then it will almost always be traceable to silly self-esteem. In fact, many psychotherapists have noted a direct relationship between self-esteem and psychogenic health (Rogers, 1961 Coopersmith, 1967).Research has also shown that low self-esteem is associated with assorted psychological and behavioral problems. For e.g. Leary, (1999) suggests that, low self-esteem is related to a variety of psychological difficulties and personal problems, such(prenominal) as substance abuse, loneliness, academic failure, teenage pregnancy, and reprehensible behavior. People with low self-esteem tend to refer any successes th ey have to luck rather than to their own abilities. Those with high self-esteem will tend to attribute their successes to qualities within themselves (Covey, 1989). Baumeister his colleagues (e.g., Baumeister, 1993 Baumeister, Smart, Boden, 1996) engraft that behaviors and outcomes are often much variable for people high in self-esteem than for people low in self-esteem.Previous belles-lettres suggests that low self-esteem is associated with possible put on the line factor like depression, low self-esteem, anger, and anxiety. Self- esteem is a complex, multi-dimensional construct with multiple sources, and has other facets as potential risk factors for depression (Kwan et al., 2009). Researchers such as, Carlson, Uppal, Prosser (2000) reported that low self-esteem, in general, is of concern because of its association with depression, suicide, delinquency, substance use, and lower academic achievement. Carpenito-Moyet (2008) suggests that low self-esteem may be an indication of susceptibility to depression, which is an important predictor of suicidal tendencies. Harter Marold, (1994) suggests that low self-esteem has been associated with depression and suicidal ideas.Roberts Monroe (1994) proposed a general theoretical account of the role of self-esteem in depression. They acknowledged that low self-esteem has often been proposed as a risk factor that creates a vulnerability to depression, but concluded that in research, level of self-esteem has failed to emerge as a robust predictor of the onset of depression. They proposed that vulnerability to depression accompanies unstable self-esteem (i.e., self-esteem that is prone to fluctuate across time), as well as self-esteem based on relatively few and unreliable sources.It is well-established that high self-esteem is related to positive adjustment, general well-being and psychical health in adolescence and also to fewer internalizing and externalizing problems (e.g. Ouvinen- Birgerstam, 1999 Steinhausen and Winkler Metzke, 2001 Ybrandt, 2008). Further literature suggests that, mental health problems of adolescents may be caused by a negatively charged psychological trait, such as low self-esteem (Hurrelmann Losel, 1990). A Correlational data implicate low self-esteem in a host of social and academic problems, including poor school achievement, aggression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and teenage pregnancy (Dawes, 1994 Mecca, Smelser, Vasconcellos, 1989 Scheff, Retzinger, Ryan, 1989).Rosenberg (1985) pointed out that there is a relationship between self-esteem and depression. Adolescents with low self-esteem report more depression than those with a higher self-esteem. The evidence of the relationship between low self-esteem and a higher rate of depression in adolescents was further back up in subsequent studies (Byrne, 2000 Kim, 2003). Self-esteem is related to numerous emotional states. It has been linked to anxiety and depression in the clinical literature (Mineka,Wats on, Clark, 1998), to pride and shame in the developmental literature (Tangney Fischer, 1995), to happiness and contentment in personality psychology (Diener Diener, 1995), and to anger and hostility in social psychology (Bushman Baumeister, 1998 Kernis, Grannemann, Barclay, 1989).Self-esteem provides a wakeless role in the behavior and mental health of adolescents. There is some evidence that the mental health problems of adolescents may be caused by a negative psychological trait, such as low self-esteem (Hurrelmann Losel, 1990). According to Bandura (1986) social adjustment, activity engagement, goal direction and self-confidence, and the presence of anxiety are all elements in a childs development and functioning that are influenced by his/her self-esteem.Many other researchers like Bolognini, et al., (1996) Harter (1999) Hoffmann, Baldwin, Cerbone, (2003) Kaplan, (1996) Stacy, et al., (1992) also emphasized self-esteem is an important indicator of general well-being and adolescents with lower levels of self-esteem often experience negative outcomes, including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and dissatisfaction with life. According to Piko Fitzpatrick (2003) consistent with a resilience framework, scholars suggest that self-esteem serves as a protective(p) factor by insulating youth from stress that stems from negative life events, and specifically, protecting against depression. Melnyk et al. (2006) found that adolescents with high self-esteem have a strong belief in their ability to engage in a healthy lifestyle. People with high but unstable self-esteem score higher on measures of hostility than do people with low self-esteem (whether stable or unstable), whereas people with high but stable self- esteem are the least hostile (Kernis, Grannemann, Barclay, 1989). It may be important to emphasize that apart from General Well-Being, personality constructs, like high self-esteem have been shown to act as protective factors against psychopathol ogy in adolescents (McDonald OHara, 2003). Dew Huebner (1994) found that well-being forms significant positive associations with self-esteem measures.In Pakistan, Riaz, Bilal Rizwan, (2007) found that self-esteem is significant predictor of aggression and specifically physical aggression and anger were importantly predicted by low self-esteem. With respect to emotional and social consequences, anger has been associated with increased anxiety, reduced self-esteem, damage to social relationships (Deffenbacher et al. 1996), and depression (Picardi et al., 2004). Many researchers have explored ways that socially structured inequality shapes an array of emotional/mental health outcomes, usually depression or anxiety (McLeod and Nonnemaker 1999 Turner et al. 1995) and, more recently, anger (Ross and Van Willigen 1997 Schieman 1999). one and only(a) of the major reasons of psychological problems like low self-esteem, depression, and anger among adolescents of nonage status is due to pre judice and discrimination of the society. Sociologists who study emotions have sought to document and secernate the emotional correlates and consequences of social stratification (Smith-Lovin 1995). Adolescents of minority status are subjected to an array of derogatory and unpleasant experiences. all in all these experiences result in negative self-evaluation. According to Jacques Chason, (1977) minority or low status groups judge themselves as a group less positively than the member of the majority or high status group.All the researches cited in the literature review of the study, however, indicate that a Western evaluation of adolescents self-esteem, depression, and anger is hard to replicate for the indigenous adolescents minority population of Pakistan. Research on minority adolescents in Pakistan is negligible and hardly provides any basis for valid assertion about the state of affairs and the remedies, if ever adapted by dictum figures, to improve the mental well-being of the target population. This study will highlight issues related to minority adolescents self-esteem, depression, anger, and will shed light on the ways mental well-being of the target group can be improved.